Abstract
Rock fragments (RF) influence soil hydraulic properties (SHP) and
knowledge about the SHP of stony soils is important in vadose zone
hydrology. However, experimental evidence on effective SHP of stony
soils is still scarce and mostly restricted to water-saturated
conditions and low volumetric contents of RF. We examined the influence
of RF on SHP through a series of measurements. Stony soils were prepared
by packing 250 cm3 cylinders with soils of two textures (sandy loam and
silt loam) and with different volumes of RF (up to 50 % v/v) with a
diameter of 8-16 mm. Samples were prepared in a way that the background
soils (diameter smaller than 2 mm) had identical bulk density. The
simplified evaporation method was used to determine the effective SHP of
stony soils. We used the obtained SHP data to evaluate the performance
of models, which predict the effective SHP of stony soils from SHP of
the background soil. The results highlight the systematic dependency of
SHP on volumetric content of RF. The difference between modeled and
measured SHP was substantial for cases in which the soil contained a
high amount of RF. Accounting for the moisture content of RF improved
the prediction of the effective WRC of stony soils compared with a
simple scaling that used only the content of RF. Among the evaluated
models for the effective HCC, the model based on the general effective
medium theory (GEM) showed the best performance, particularly for low RF
contents.