Abstract
We describe our Solar Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III/ISS cloud
detection algorithm. As in previous SAGE II/III studies this algorithm
uses the extinction at 1022 nm and the extinction color ratio
520nm/1022nm to separate aerosols and clouds. We identify three types of
clouds: visible cirrus (extinction coefficient >
3x10-2 km-1, subvisible cirrus
(extinction < 3x10-2 km-1
and >10-3 km-1), and
very low extinction cloud-aerosol mixtures (extinction <
10-3 km-1). Visible cirrus cannot be
quantitatively measured by SAGE because of its high extinction, but we
infer the presence of cirrus through the solar attenuation of the SAGE
vertical scan. We then assume that cirrus layers extend 0.5 km below the
scan termination height. SAGE cirrus cloud fraction estimated this way
is in qualitative agreement with CALIPSOmeasurements. Analyzing three
years of SAGE III/ISS data, we find that visible cirrus and subvisible
cirrus have nearly equal abundance in the tropical upper troposphere and
the average cloud fraction is about 25%. At 16 km, the highest
concentration visible cirrus and subvisible cirrus is over the Tropical
West Pacific, central Africa and central South America during winter.
Latitudinal gaps in zonal mean cloud fraction and average aerosol
extinction apparent in the subtropical transition region are aligned
with descending branch of the residual mean circulation. We also
identify four anomalous aerosol extinction periods that can be
tentatively assigned to significant volcanic or fire events. Using
tropopause relative coordinates, we show that maximum cloud top heights
are consistently restricted to a narrow region near the tropopause.