Aerosol mass and optical properties, smoke influence on O3, and high NO3
production rates in a western US city impacted by wildfires
Abstract
Evaluating our understanding of smoke from wild and prescribed fires can
benefit from downwind measurements that include both inert tracers to
test production and transport and reactive species to test chemical
mechanisms. We characterized smoke from fires in coniferous forest fuels
for >1000 hours over two summers (2017 and 2018) at our
Montana surface station and found a narrow range of key properties.
DPM/DCO was 0.1070 +/- 0.0278 or about half the age-independent ratios
obtained at free troposphere elevations. The average absorption Angstrom
exponent across both years was 1.84, or about half the values available
for very fresh smoke. Brown carbon (BrC) was persistent
(~50% of the absorption at 401 nm) in both years,
despite differences in smoke age and transport. DBC/DCO doubled from
2017 to 2018, but the average across two years was within 30% of recent
airborne measurements. Switching from a 1.0 to a 2.5 micron cutoff
increased the mass scattering and mass absorption coefficients
suggesting super micron particles impact the optical properties of
moderately aged smoke. O3 was elevated ~6 ppb on average
over a full diurnal period when wildfire smoke was present, and
smoke-associated O3 increases were highest (~9 pbb) at
night suggesting substantial upwind production. NOx was almost entirely
local in origin. NO2 spurred high rates of NO3 production in the
presence of wildfire smoke (up to 2.44 ppb/hr) and potentially at least
one nighttime BrC formation event that could have impacted next-day
photochemistry.