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\begin{document}

\title{Inferring tide-induced ephemeral grounding in an ice-shelf-stream
system: Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica}



\author[1]{Minyan Zhong}%
\author[1]{Mark Simons}%
\author[2]{Brent Minchew}%
\author[1]{Lijun Zhu}%
\affil[1]{Caltech}%
\affil[2]{Massachusetts Institute of Technology}%


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  \date{May 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Antarctic ice shelves play a key role in regulating the rate of ice flow
in tributary ice streams. Temporal variations in the associated
ice-shelf buttressing stress are observed to impact ice flow in glaciers
and ice streams. Ephemeral grounding induced by tides is an important
mechanism for modulating the buttressing stress. Here, we develop an
approach to inferring variations in 3-D surface displacements at an
ice-shelf-stream system that explicitly accounts for ephemeral
grounding. Using a temporally dense nine-month-long synthetic-aperture
radar image acquisition campaign collected over Rutford Ice Stream, West
Antarctica, by the 4-satellite COSMO-SkyMed constellation, we infer the
ephemeral grounding zones and the spatiotemporal variation of the
fortnightly ice-flow variability. We find ephemeral grounding zones
along the western ice-shelf margin as well as a few prominent ephemeral
grounding points in the central trunk and in the vicinity of the
grounding zone. Our observations provide evidence for tide-modulated
buttressing stress and the temporally asymmetric response of ice-shelf
flow to tidal forcing. Long-term oceanic warming and ice-shelf thinning
will cause the loss of ephemeral grounding and decrease in ice-shelf
buttressing stress.%
\end{abstract}%



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