\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Shaken, Not Stirred: Lack of Magma-chamber Overturn in a Caldera Setting
Recorded by Whole-pumice, Mineral, and Melt Inclusion Chemistry. The
Tshirege Member of the Bandelier Tuff, New Mexico, USA}



\author[1]{Joseph Boro}%
\author[2]{John Wolff}%
\author[3]{Owen Neill}%
\author[2]{Arron Steiner}%
\author[1]{Thomas Shea}%
\author[4]{Frank Ramos}%
\affil[1]{University of Hawaii at Manoa}%
\affil[2]{Washington State University}%
\affil[3]{University of Michigan}%
\affil[4]{New Mexico State University Main Campus}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 17, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Understanding the physical and chemical dynamics of caldera magma
chambers prior to VEI 7+ eruptions is important for eruption forecasting
and societal preparedness. The 1.26 Ma, 400 km\textsuperscript{3}
Tshirege Member of the Bandelier Tuff is the later of two zoned
rhyolitic ignimbrites erupted from the Valles caldera in the Jemez
Mountains volcanic field, New Mexico, USA. To avoid effects of
crystal-glass sorting, lithic contamination, and post-emplacement
thermal alteration of glasses and mineral phases, we sampled whole
pumices from non-welded tuff, including zones of otherwise welded tuff
quenched against cold paleovalley walls. The tuff is broadly
systematically chemically zoned from early-erupted high-silica rhyolite
enriched in incompatible trace elements to late-erupted low-silica
rhyolite. Whole-pumices indicate the upper portions of the Tshirege
magma system were unaffected by convective stirring prior to the
eruption, while some mixing and overturn is reflected by pumices from
deeper in the system (i.e. stratigraphically higher in tuff sheet),
likely closer to recharge sources. Analyses of well-preserved minerals,
glasses and melt inclusions, and application of mineral thermometers and
barometers, show a vertical stratification of temperature (710-840 \selectlanguage{ngerman}°C),
pressures of \textasciitilde{}0.16 GPa, and variable
{[}H\textsubscript{2}O{]} (\textasciitilde{}2.0-3.5 wt. \%).
Whole-pumice and melt inclusion chemistry supports crystal accumulation
and subsequent melting and remobilization of the cumulate pile as a
major contributor to the overall compositional zoning. 2-D thermal
models indicate that the creation of the temperature gradient over
\textasciitilde{}10ka from mush development to mobilization would
require volumetrically unreasonable influx of recharge magma (flux rate
\textgreater{}30 km\textsuperscript{3}/yr), suggesting that recharge
heating is likely only affecting the lowest portions of the chamber. As
a result, the thermal gradient likely existed prior to mobilization of
the mush. Heating alone cannot affect thermal loosening of a
mechanically locked mush to an eruptible crystallinity in reasonable
time frames, and so input of volatiles such as H\textsubscript{2}O or
CO\textsubscript{2} from a second boiling of recharge magmas is required
to melt and remobilize the crystal mush pile. The 1.26 Ma eruption was
thus triggered by a final recharge event recorded as dacite pumice
clasts distributed throughout the tuff.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

