Contribution of Atmospheric Circulation Changes and Anthropogenic
Warming to the Increase of Warm Season Fire Weather Risk in California
Abstract
Recent increasing wildfire activities in California have raised
widespread public concerns. This raises a question as to whether the
increase of of fire weather this year and in recent decades is mainly
due to weather pattern change dominated by natural variability or
anthropogenic warming. We observed that vapor pressure deficit (VPD), an
important fire weather risk index, in the warm season (May to September)
of California, has increased significantly since 1979, with a positive
trend of 0.70 hPa or 0.50 σ per decade, and this trend is also
significant for VPD in large fire days; trend analysis of saturated and
actual vapor pressure suggests that direct warming and drying
contributes to about 70% and 30%, respectively, to the positive VPD
trend. This increase of VPD and warming for such a short period cannot
be simply linked to anthropogenic factors as it can also be affected by
circulation changes. Our self-organizing maps analysis reveals the close
relationship between VPD and circulation. Using a flow analogue
approach, we estimated circulation changes contribute to about half
(54%) of the observed VPD trend. Since circulation changes represent
the upper limit of internal variability of the climate system because
both the internal climate variability and anthropogenic forcings can
contribute to such a change, our results suggest that anthropogenic
warming must explain at least the other half of the observed VPD trend.