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Oscillations of the Ionosphere Caused by the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Observed with SuperDARN Radars
  • +8
  • Jiaojiao Zhang,
  • Jiyao Xu,
  • Wei Wang,
  • Guojun Wang,
  • John Michael Ruohoniemi,
  • Atsuki Shinbori,
  • Nozomu Nishitani,
  • Chi Wang,
  • Xiang Deng,
  • Ailan Lan,
  • Jingye Yan
Jiaojiao Zhang
National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Jiyao Xu
State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China., State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Wei Wang
National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Guojun Wang
State Key Laboratory of Space Weather,National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Space Weather,National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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John Michael Ruohoniemi
Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech
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Atsuki Shinbori
Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University
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Nozomu Nishitani
Nagoya University, Japan, Nagoya University, Japan
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Chi Wang
National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Xiang Deng
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Ailan Lan
Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, CAS, Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, CAS
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Jingye Yan
National Space Science Center, CAS, National Space Science Center, CAS
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Abstract

On 15 January 2022, the submarine volcano on the southwest Pacific island of Tonga violently erupted. Thus far, the ionospheric oscillation features caused by the volcanic eruption have not been identified. Here, observations from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars and digisondes \change{are}{were} employed to analyze ionospheric oscillations in the Northern Hemisphere caused by the volcanic eruption in Tonga. Due to the magnetic field conjugate effect, the ionospheric oscillations were observed much earlier than the arrival of surface air pressure waves, and the maximum negative line-of-sight (LOS) velocity of the ionospheric oscillations exceeded 100 m/s in the F layer. After the surface air pressure waves arrived, the maximum LOS velocity in the E layer approached 150 m/s. A maximum upward displacement of 100 km was observed in the ionosphere. This work provides a new perspective for understanding the strong ionospheric oscillation caused by geological hazards observed on Earth.