Abstract
In planetary bow shocks, binary particle collisions cannot mediate the
conversion of upstream bulk flow energy into downstream thermal energy,
and wave-particle interactions in part assume this role. Understanding
the contribution of waves to shock heating requires knowledge of the
modes that propagate in different classes of shocks; we describe the
growth patterns of whistler waves within the Venusian bow shock. Waves
with frequencies $f \lesssim 0.1 f_{ce}$, where
$f_{ce}$ is the electron cyclotron frequency, preferentially grow
at local minima in the background magnetic field
$|B_0|$. Quasi-parallel propagating whistlers with
frequencies between $0.1 f_{ce}$ and $0.3 f_{ce}$ are
strongest at the downstream ramps of these $|B_0|$
minima. Immediately downstream of the shock, whistlers with frequencies
$f < 0.1 f_{ce}$ propagate more than
80$^\circ{}$ oblique from
$\vec{B}_0$ and have elliptically polarized
$\vec{B}$ fields. A prediction from kinetic theory of
the orientation of these waves’ $\vec{B}$ ellipses is
confirmed to high accuracy.