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\begin{document}

\title{Significant Human Modification of the Lower Arkansas River Sediment
Budget}



\author[1]{Hehe CHEN}%
\author[1]{John Shaw}%
\author[2]{Glenn Sharman}%
\author[2]{Jill A. Marshall}%
\affil[1]{University of Arkansas at Fayetteville}%
\affil[2]{University of Arkansas}%


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  \date{May 17, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Large river systems provide many services, including water resources,
barge transport, and sand and gravel (S\&G) for mining. However, unlike
damming, the impacts of channel dredging and S\&G mining are poorly
monitored. We quantify these impacts on the Lower Arkansas River,
U.S.A., where anthropogenic processes are well documented. The
construction of dams caused a 98\% reduction in suspended sediment
discharge (Q\emph{\textsubscript{ss}}). Since dam construction,
fluvially-transported Q\emph{\textsubscript{ss}} and suspended sand
discharge (Q\emph{\textsubscript{sand}}) varied on the decadal scale,
but the average of Q\emph{\textsubscript{ss}} (4.4 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 0.5
Mtyr\textsuperscript{-1}) and Q\emph{\textsubscript{sand}} (1.1 ± 0.1
Mtyr\textsuperscript{-1}) at Van Buren are of the same order as sediment
removal rates by dredging (1.2 ± 0.1 Mtyr\textsuperscript{-1}) and S\&G
mining (1.7 ± 0.1 Mtyr\textsuperscript{-1}). During 1975-2019, the
cumulative sediment deficit caused by dredging and S\&G mining (1.7
Mtyr\textsuperscript{-1}) outpaced the cumulative post-dam fluvial
sediment deficit (0.7 Mtyr\textsuperscript{-1}), indicating sediment
extractions are now essential parts of rivers' sediment balance.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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