Quantifying numerical mixing in a tidally forced global eddy-permitting
ocean model
Abstract
An ensemble of experiments based on a ¼° global NEMO configuration is
presented, including tidally forced and non-tidal simulations, and using
both the default z* geopotential vertical coordinate and the
z~ filtered Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian coordinate,
the latter being known to reduce numerical mixing. This is used to
investigate the sensitivity of numerical mixing, and the resulting model
drifts and biases, to both tidal forcing and the choice of vertical
coordinate. The model is found to simulate an acceptably realistic
external tide, and the first-mode internal tide has a spatial
distribution consistent with estimates from observations and
high-resolution tidal models, with vertical velocities in the internal
tide of over 50 meters per day. Tidal forcing with the z* coordinate
increases numerical mixing in the upper ocean between 30°S and 30°N
where strong internal tides occur, while the z~
coordinate substantially reduces numerical mixing and biases in tidal
simulations to levels below those in the z* non-tidal control. The
implications for the next generation of climate models are discussed.