Balloon-borne observations of short vertical wavelength gravity waves
and interaction with QBO winds
Abstract
The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), a ubiquitous feature of the zonal
mean zonal winds in the equatorial lower stratosphere, is forced by
selective dissipation of atmospheric waves that range in periods from
days to hours. However, QBO circulations in numerical models tend to be
weak compared with observations, probably because of limited vertical
resolution that cannot adequately resolve gravity waves and the height
range over which they dissipate. Observations are required to help
quantify wave effects. The passage of a superpressure balloon (SPB) near
a radiosonde launch site in the equatorial Western Pacific during the
transition from the eastward to westward phase of the QBO at 20 km
permits a coordinated study of the intrinsic frequencies and vertical
structures of two inertia-gravity wave packets with periods near 1-day
and 3 days, respectively. Both waves have large horizontal wavelengths
of about 970 and 5500 km. The complementary nature of the observations
provided information on their momentum fluxes and the evolution of the
waves in the vertical. The near 1-day westward propagating wave has a
critical level near 20 km, while the eastward propagating 3-day wave is
able to propagate through to heights near 30 km before dissipation.
Estimates of the forcing provided by the momentum flux convergence,
taking into account the duration and scale of the forcing, suggests
zonal force of about 0.3-0.4 m/s/day for the 1-day wave and about
0.4-0.6 m/s/day for the 3-day wave, which acts for several days.