Abstract
The Eocene–Oligocene transition (~34 Ma), is marked by
the rapid development of a semi-permanent Antarctic ice-sheet, as
indicated by ice-rafted debris. Proxy reconstructions indicate a drop in
atmospheric CO₂ and global cooling. How these changes affected sea
surface temperatures in the North Atlantic and ocean water
stratification remains poorly constrained. In this study, we apply
clumped-isotope thermometry to well-preserved planktic foraminifera,
that are associated with mixed-layer and thermocline dwelling depths
from the drift sediments at IODP Site 1411, Newfoundland, across four
intervals bracketing the EOT. The mixed-layer dwelling foraminifera
record a cooling of 2.2 ± 2.4 °C (mean ± 95% CI) across the EOT. While
the cooling amplitude is similar to previous SST reconstructions,
absolute temperatures (Eocene 20.0 ± 2.7 °C, Oligocene 18.0 ± 2.1 °C)
appear colder than what is expected for this location based on
previously reconstructed SSTs for the northernmost Atlantic. We discuss
seasonal bias, recording depth, and appropriate consideration of
paleolatitudes, all of which complicate the comparison between SST
reconstructions and model output. Thermocline dwelling foraminifera
record a larger cooling across the EOT (Eocene 19.0 ± 3.4 °C, Oligocene
14.0 ± 3.1 °C, cooling of 5.2 ± 3.2 °C), than foraminifera from the
mixed layer, consistent with an increase in ocean stratification which
may be related to the onset or intensification of the Atlantic
meridional overturning circulation.