Millennial-scale climate oscillations triggered by deglacial meltwater
discharge in last glacial maximum simulations
Abstract
Our limited understanding of millennial-scale variability in the context
of the last glacial period can be explained by the lack of a reliable
modelling framework to study abrupt climate changes under realistic
glacial backgrounds. In this article, we describe a new set of long-run
Last Glacial Maximum experiments where such climate shifts were
triggered by different snapshots of ice-sheet meltwater derived from the
early stages of the last deglaciation. Depending on the location and the
magnitude of the forcing, we observe three distinct dynamical regimes
and highlight a subtle window of opportunity where the climate can
sustain oscillations between cold and warm modes. We identify the
European-Arctic and Nordic Seas regions as being most sensitive to
meltwater discharge in the context of switching to a cold mode, compared
to freshwater fluxes from the Laurentide ice sheets. These cold climates
follow a consistent pattern in temperature, sea ice and convection, and
are largely independent from freshwater release as a result of effective
AMOC collapse. Warm modes, on the other hand, show more complexity in
their response to the regional pattern of the meltwater input, and
within them, we observe significant differences linked to the
reorganisation of deep water formation sites and the subpolar gyre.
Broadly, the main characteristics of the oscillations, obtained under
full-glacial conditions with realistically low meltwater discharge, are
comparable to δ18O records of the last glacial period,
although our simplified experiment design prevents detailed conclusions
from being drawn on whether these represent actual Dansgaard-Oeschger
events.