Late Miocene Exhumation of Eocene and Early Miocene metamorphic Rocks in
Northern Tunisia: A widespread Western Mediterranean Process Driven by
Lithospheric Mantle Delamination under Foreland Thrust Belts
Abstract
Cenozoic extension in the Western Mediterranean is related to the
dynamics of back-arc domains. However, extension propagated into the
external Foreland Thrust Belts (FTB) of the region. Here we revisit the
structure, metamorphism and radiometric ages of the Tunisian Tell FTB,
where HP/LT blastomylonitic rocks (300-370ºC at 0.9-1.0 GPa), were
exhumed by the sequential activity of extensional detachments. Normal
faults thinning the Tunisian Tell FTB detached at two different crustal
levels. The shallower one cuts down into the Atlas Mesozoic sequence,
involving allochthonous Triassic evaporites at the base of the
hanging-wall that form halokynetic structures intruding the Mejerda
basin Late Miocene infilling. Meanwhile, the deeper-detachment level
bounds metamorphic domes formed by marbles and metapsamnites. Illite
crystallinity of Triassic rocks in the region shows epizonal to
anchizonal values, at deep and intermediate structural depths of the
Tell-Atlas FTB, respectively. New U-Pb 49.78 ± 1.28 Ma rutile ages
together with existing K-Ar ages in marbles at the footwall of the
deepest detachment, indicate a polymetamorphic evolution. The Tell
Triassic rocks underwent Cretaceous extensional metamorphism, followed
by crustal thickening and rutile growth in the Early Eocene. Further,
Early Miocene thickening thrusted the metadolerites over lower-grade
sediments, producing HP/LT metamorphism overprinting the base of the
FTB. The exhumation of midcrustal roots of western Mediterranean FTBs
after the tectonic shortening phase is a common feature of other FTB´s,
like the Betics and Rif, which underwent a late-stage tearing at the
edges of the subduction system together with delamination of their
subcontinental lithospheric mantle.