Abstract

Water quality assessment has increasingly become a vital part to meet the water needs for domestic, industrial and irrigation purposes. Water quality assessment is a multi-criteria decision-making approach subjected to qualitative and quantitative uncertainties Certainly, many methods and models are available to identify and evaluate the water quality. In the last five decades, groundwater modelling has developed several simulations and optimization models to identify water quality issues such as contamination reduction and irrigation water management. New generation planners are facing challenges regarding aquifer storage, groundwater quality, geogenic and anthropogenic contamination, and long-term water sustainability. Improper datasets and variable parameters make groundwater modelling typically time-consuming and also hinder elaborative analysis and calibration. This study is presented to evaluate several available modelling approaches to identify their ability and inability as well. The study has presented an analysis of simulation modelling, optimization modelling, spatiotemporal modelling, a brief analysis of the surrogate models and inter comparison design models for groundwater quality measurement. The review is found to be informative and also highlighting key gaps and advantages of the models. Key findings are suggesting that inter comparison modelling is advantageous to evaluate more than one parameter at the same time and it is also feasible for consistent output over a period of time.