The Impact of COVID-19 Shutdown on Particulate Pollution: Analysis of
Satellite and Ground Observations
Abstract
During COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, many cities and areas were shutdown to
control the virus spread. The shutdown introduced reduced emissions from
vehicles and power plants. In this study, we studied the impact on
pollution by analyzing Suomi NPP satellite Visible Infrared Imaging
Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aerosol optical depth (AOD); AOD is a proxy for
particulate pollution in the atmosphere. The investigation is performed
over several areas and cities around the globe, i.e. China, India,
Europe, the United States, New York city, Los Angeles, etc. In general,
reductions in AOD compared to the previous years are found in these
areas but with some differences. In China, where the pollution in
general is high than the other areas, the reduction in AOD is the most
obvious. However, in Europe and the United States, the reduction in AOD
is less obvious. In India, the effect is in between. Comparing
reductions in S5P Tropospheric Ozone Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and AOD, we found that they sometimes co-vary and
sometimes do not. The possible reason is that NO2 and aerosols do not
have the same life time and therefore may not always co-exist at the
same time and place. NO2 has a shorter life time and therefore tends to
be observed close to the source region. Because of longer life time of
aerosols, the aerosols from smoke, dust, and pollution can be
transported with long distance and interfere with those from local
sources. To tease out the AOD reductions from lockdown compared to
business as usual (BAU), AOD data were analyzed using NO2 as a filter.
Using this approach we found marginal reductions to particulate
pollution in some regions to reductions of up to 20% in other regions.
Analysis of particulate pollution in 2020 compared to BAU globally and
regionally will be presented.