Evaluation of ECOSTRESS Collection 2 Evapotranspiration Products:
strengths and uncertainties for evapotranspiration modeling
Abstract
The ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station
(ECOSTRESS) collects thermal observations from the International Space
Station to support evapotranspiration (ET) research at fine spatial
resolutions (70 m x 70 m). Initial ET estimates from ECOSTRESS
Collection 1 have been used in a wide range of scientific studies and
applications, though subsequent analyses identified areas for
improvement. This study provides an overview of updates to ECOSTRESS
Collection 2 ET and presents an accuracy assessment of ET and auxiliary
variables against in situ data from AmeriFlux. Key updates in Collection
2 include: four independent model estimates of ET and improved auxiliary
forcing data. We find the multi-model ensemble ET estimate achieves a
root mean square error (RMSE) of 109 Wm-2 for instantaneous observations
and 1.5 mm/day for daily retrievals. When considering uncertainty in
energy balance closure approaches for site-level data, the RMSE improves
to 48 Wm-2 for instantaneous ET. We observe variable performance based
on time of day of ECOSTRESS image acquisition, climate and vegetation
type. Evaluation of auxiliary data highlight limitations in down-scaled
net radiation and relative humidity, contributing to a diurnal
hysteresis in ET estimates. We provide accuracy metrics and model
sensitivity to auxiliary data to facilitate user confidence, data
adoption, interpretation, and applications. ECOSTRESS is the only
instrument capable of providing ET at different times of day at high
spatial scales; thus, this work is an important step toward enhancing
the capabilities of satellite-driven ET models in resolving diurnal ET
variations and guiding directions for future improvements.