A data driven approach for the temporal classification of heavy rainfall
using Self-Organizing Maps
Abstract
The identification of temporal rainfall patterns is important both in
hydrological studies and in water resources management. Computational
methods employed for such identification are briefly reviewed with
emphasis on design hyetographs. In the sequel, the computational
processes of this paper are described and are summarized here as
follows: Raw Pluviograph data were acquired from the Greek National Bank
of Hydrological and Meteorological Information for all available
stations. A Poisson process hypothesis was used for the division of the
raw time series to independent rainstorm events, assuming that their
inter-arrival time is distributed exponentially per station and month.
Unitless Cumulative Hyetographs (UCHs) were compiled and the null
hypothesis of random structures in them was tested. The applicability of
Principal Components Analysis and large Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) were
examined as ways to represent these data. Subsequently, a stepwise
procedure that utilized SOM as a clustering technique was applied. In
each step a different map was used in order to create a low dimensional
view of the data and consequently a limited number of rainfall temporal
distribution patterns. Finally, these temporal distribution patterns
were presented in a probabilistic way. In conclusion: a) A monthly
temporal pattern for the extraction of independent rainstorm events was
found for Greece, b) the hypothesis that the UCHs contains random data
was rejected, c) as a result of SOM analysis, a limited number of
temporal rainfall patterns emerged, in terms of seasonality and
different characteristics and d) the classification of the rainstorm
events was made in an unsupervised manner.