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\begin{document}

\title{Options for increased soil carbon storage and water holding capacity
through sustainable agriculture and forestry: modelling results from
showcase regions in Austria}



\author[1]{Dagmar Henner}%
\author[2]{Gottfried Kirchengast}%
\author[3]{Melannie Hartman}%
\author[2]{Clara Hohmann}%
\affil[1]{Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, University of Graz, Austria}%
\affil[2]{University of Graz}%
\affil[3]{Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, USA}%


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  \date{June 10, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Sustainable agriculture and forestry is an important topic under climate
change. This is a potential route for increasing long-term soil and
biomass carbon storage, soil water retention capacity and for reducing
water and wind erosion risks. This study uses the Styrian Raab and Enns
catchment regions in Southeastern Austria as showcase regions for
exploring sustainable whole-system options for climate change adaptation
and mitigation under increased hot-dry conditions in agriculture and
forestry. Based on dense data of the WegenerNet observing network and
further hydrometeorological data, combined with hydrological modelling
(WaSiM), the current hydrological disturbance potential in the
Southeastern Austria focus regions is assessed. Furthermore, downscaled
IPCC climate change scenarios are used for future projections and the
results are evaluated for increasing heat and drought risks. This work
provides the hydrological context for modelling the soil water and
carbon storage enhancement options that farming, forestry and land-use
practices might apply. A first key study aspect in this context is the
sustainable potential of bioenergy crops. Using the local-scale
WegenerNet data combined with Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) soil
data, potential yields for bioenergy from lignocellulosic biomass
(forest and Miscanthus, willow and poplar) is modelled using MiscanFor,
SalixFor, PopFor and DAYCENT models for representative local areas in
the showcase regions. Using DAYCENT biogeochemical modelling with
different agricultural, forest management, and land use practices under
climate change, sustainable system options under different future
climate change scenarios are developed. These results will be used in
turn to develop whole-system options, namely to jointly achieve increase
of soil carbon and robustness of soil water retention capacity, increase
of soil quality, reduction of soil erosion and degradation, reduced
compaction, stabilisation of slopes, sustainability and resilience in
the soil as well as the agricultural and forest production system.
Sustainable whole-system options for farmers and forest managers are the
major study focus and will supply data for local estimates in the chosen
representative areas in the showcase regions as well as for upscaling to
country level.%
\end{abstract}%



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