New Countermeasures for Coastal Levees as Stable and Safe Structures
against Unexpected Sizes of Tsunami, Storm Surges, and River Flooding -
To Cope with Emerging Disasters by Historical Earthquakes and Super Low
Pressures around Coastal Mega Cities for Human Habitats in Hazardous Era
-
Abstract
The author provides stable and safe designs of coastal and river banks
using a new structural concept which stably keeps frame structure inside
of the embankments, and therefore protects the backside of lowland
areas, where more than ten millions of people live and social investment
facilities are distributed. The projects can proceed under the framework
of Public Private Partnership (PPP). This new proposal simplifies the
design of multi water hazards from the probabilistic collapse risks to
deterministic planning for human lives and accumulated social public
facilities around coastal mega cities such as Tokyo and Nagoya in Japan.
Those Metropolitan citizens experienced historical Kanto earthquake in
1923 and largest Tone-River flooding in 1947. On the other hand,
heaviest storm surge in Japan by Typhoon Isewan in 1959 around Nagoya
City in the Ise Bay facing Pacific Ocean. These regions distribute in
flat low elevation areas for conveniences of foreign trade with port
facilities, industries, and traffic infrastructures including hub
airports. Mean while, those coastal districts and citizens sometimes
remains in legendary collapse risks, such as gigantic fires or pandemic
infection diseases nowadays along with the catastrophic destructions by
M8 to M9 earthquakes, inundation and river flooding against social
frameworks to keep human cultural livelihoods in the hazardous era of
this modern earth of Gaia.