Figure 12. Plate reconstruction of Arabia and India between 11 Ma and today, using GPlates (version 2.2.0) with a 3D orthographic projection. Note that India translates towards the west-southwest, resulting in convergence and dextral motion at the plate boundary! The amount of E/W-shortening between both plates ranges between ~60 and ~75 km. Shortening/convergence is ongoing.
The time slots from ~32.5 to 20 Ma and from 11 Ma to the present indicate a relative ~E/W-directed convergence and shortening between the Arabian and Indian plates (Figs. 11 and 12). The E/W-directed shortening between the Arabian (near Sur) and Indian plates (near Karachi and the western end of the 64 Ma isochrone) amounted to ~100-135 km from ~32.5 to 20 Ma (Fig. 11) and ~60-75 km from 11 Ma to present-day (Fig. 12), resulting in convergence rates of ~10-12 mm/a and 5-7 mm/a, respectively.