The interplay between ambipolar electric field and Coulomb collisions in
the solar wind acceleration region
Abstract
The solar wind protons are accelerated to supersonic velocities within
the distance of 10 solar radii from the Sun, as a consequence of a
complex physical mechanism including particle kinetic effects as well as
the field-particle energy and momentum exchange. We use a numerical
kinetic model of the solar wind, accounting for Coulomb collisions
(BiCoP), and model a solar wind accelerated only by the
\emph{ambipolar} electrostatic filed ($E$) arising
due to the difference in mass between electron and proton, and assuring
quasi-neutrality and zero current. We study the effect $E$, which was
found to be on the order of Dreicer electric field ($E_D$)
\cite{Dreicer1959}, has on the resulting electron
velocity distribution functions (VDF). The strahl electron radial
evolution is represented by means of its
\emph{pitch-angle width} (PAW), and the
\emph{strahl parallel temperature}
($T_{s,\parallel}$). A continuous transition between
collisional and weakly collisional regime results in broader PAW,
compared to the single-exobase prediction imposed by the exospheric
models. Collisions were found to scatter strahl electrons below 250 eV,
which in turn has an effect on the measured
$T_{s,\parallel}$. A slight increase was found in
$T_{s,\parallel}$ with radial distance, and was
stronger for the more collisional run. We estimate that the coronal
electron temperature inferred from the observations of
$T_{s,\parallel}$ in the solar wind, would be
overestimated for between 8 and 15\%.