The Helicity Sign of Flux Transfer Event Flux Ropes and its Relationship
to the Guide Field and Hall Physics in Magnetic Reconnection at the
Magnetopause
Abstract
Flux Transfer Events (FTEs) are transient magnetic flux ropes typically
found at the Earth’s magnetopause on the dayside. While it is known that
FTEs are generated by magnetic reconnection, it remains unclear how the
details of magnetic reconnection controls their properties. A recent
study showed that the helicity sign of FTEs positively correlates with
the east-west (By) component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF).
With data from the Cluster and Magnetospheric Multiscale missions, we
performed a statistical study of 166 quasi force-free FTEs. We focus on
their helicity sign and possible association with upstream solar wind
conditions and local magnetic reconnection properties. Using both in
situ data and magnetic shear modeling, we find that FTEs whose helicity
sign corresponds to the IMF By are associated with moderate magnetic
shears while those that does not correspond to the IMF By are associated
with higher magnetic shears. While uncertainty in IMF propagation to the
magnetopause may lead to randomness in the determination of the flux
rope core field and helicity, we rather propose that for small IMF By,
which corresponds to high shear and low guide field, the Hall pattern of
magnetic reconnection determines the FTE core field and helicity sign.
In that context we explain how the temporal sequence of multiple X-line
formation and the reconnection rate are important in determining the
flux rope helicity sign. This work highlights a fundamental connection
between kinetic processes at work in magnetic reconnection and the
macroscale structure of FTEs.