Extended red aurora associated with super substorm igniting the October
10, 2024 magnetic storm as revealed by citizen science
Abstract
Super magnetic storm occurred on October 10, 2024, and a super substorm
occurred at the beginning of the storm just after the shock arrival at
1520 UT. As a result, red aurora were photographed at multiple points
over wide region of Japan from 1700 UT. A new Bayesian analysis enables
us to estimate the time variation of the most probable height and
latitude of the red aurora based on the citizen science dataset in
combination of POES/MetOp satellite datasets of electron precipitation
boundary. We found that the top height of red aurora extended to
~850 km and the red aurora shifted toward low latitude
according to the storm development. The ultra-high altitude of the red
aurora can be evidence of rapid atmospheric heating and the atmospheric
expansion.