Spatial Variations of Upper Crustal Anisotropy along the San Jacinto
Fault Zone in Southern California: Constraints from Shear Wave Splitting
Analysis
Abstract
To discern spatial and explore possible existence of temporal variations
of upper crustal anisotropy in an ~15 km section of the
San Jacinto Fault Zone (SJFZ) that is composed of the Buck Ridge and
Clark faults in southern California, we conduct a systematic shear wave
splitting investigation using local S-wave data recorded by three
broadband seismic stations located near the surface expression of the
SJFZ. An automatic data selection and splitting measurement procedure is
firstly applied, and the resulting splitting measurements are then
manually screened to ensure reliability of the results. Strong spatial
variations in crustal anisotropy are revealed by 1694 pairs of splitting
parameters (fast polarization orientation and splitting delay time), as
reflected by the dependence of the resulting splitting parameters on the
location and geometry of the raypaths. For raypaths traveling through
the fault zones, the fast orientations are dominantly WNW-ESE which is
parallel to the faults and may be attributed to fluid-filled fractures
in the fault zones. For non-fault-zone crossing raypaths, the fast
orientations are dominantly N-S which are consistent with the
orientation of the regional maximum compressive stress. A
three-dimensional model of upper crustal anisotropy is constructed based
on the observations. An apparent increase in the raypath length
normalized splitting times is observed after the 03/11/2013 M4.7
earthquake, which is largely attributable to changes in the spatial
distribution of earthquakes before and after the M4.7 earthquake rather
than reflecting temporal changes of upper crustal anisotropy.