Evaluating Zr/Rb ratios from XRF scanning as an indicator of grain-size
variations of glaciomarine sediments in the Southern Ocean
Abstract
The ln(Zr/Rb) count ratio derived from X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core
scanning holds potential as a high-resolution tracer for grain-size
variations of glaciomarine sediments. To evaluate this approach, we
conducted high-resolution grain-size measurements, together with Rb and
Zr measurements by XRF core scanning and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass
Spectrometry (ICP-MS), on a series of sediment cores from different
regions of the Southern Ocean. We find that downcore changes of the
ln(Zr/Rb) count ratio from XRF core scanning are consistent with Zr/Rb
concentration ratios derived from ICP-MS analyses, even though Rb and Zr
counts deviate significantly from concentrations due to specimen and
matrix effects. The ln(Zr/Rb) count ratio displays discrepancies with
the bulk mean grain-size, but correlates well with the mean grain-size
of the sediment fractions that do not include unsorted coarse IRD (i.e.
IRD-corrected mean grain-size). These observations are supported by
evidence from a grain-size separation experiment, which indicates that
Zr and Rb are concentrated in different grain-size fractions. Consistent
with its lack of sensitivity to coarse grain-size fractions, the
ln(Zr/Rb) ratio records similar trends to the sortable silt percent
(SS%) and sortable silt mean (SSM) grain-size. Universal gradients
exist in plots of ln(Zr/Rb) versus SS% (34.1), and ln(Zr/Rb) versus SSM
(12.7), such that the ln(Zr/Rb) ratio provides a convenient way to
estimate the magnitude of changes in SS% and SSM. Overall, our results
support the use of the ln(Zr/Rb) ratio as an indicator of bottom current
strength in cases where the sediment is current-sorted.