Extreme hydrometeorological events, a challenge for geodesy and
seismology networks
Abstract
The use of seismometer and gravimeter captures complementary data and
brings a new understanding of the July 2021 catastrophic floods in
Belgium and Germany. A sudden increase in seismic noise coincides with
the testimony reporting on a “tsunami” downstream the geophysical
station. Concurrently, the gravimeter evidenced a rising saturation of
the weathered zone, thus showing less and less water accumulation. When
rain re-intensified after a 3-hour break, the saturated state of the
subsoil induced an accelerated increase of the runoff, as revealed by
the river flow, in a much stronger way than during the rainy episodes
just before. We show that a gravimeter can detect in real-time the
saturation of the catchment subsoil and soil. This saturation resulted,
when the rain re-intensified, in a sudden, devastating and deadly flood.
This opens perspectives to use real-time gravity for early warnings of
such events.