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\begin{document}

\title{Progress on Generation of Nonlinear Internal Waves on the Northern
Continental Shelf South of Hainan Island}



\author[1]{Tong Jia}%
\author[1]{Jianjun Liang}%
\author[2]{Xiaoming Li}%
\author[3]{Qiang Li}%
\affil[1]{Chinese Academy of Sciences}%
\affil[2]{Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)}%
\affil[3]{Tsinghua University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 26, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) are prevalent on the northern
continental shelf south of Hainan Island in the South China Sea.
However, our understanding of these NLIWs is still in a preliminary
state. In the study, through a synergistic analysis of satellite
observations, in situ measurements and numerical simulations, we take a
step toward fully elucidating the generation and propagation process of
the NLIWs on the northern continental shelf south of Hainan Island. Both
mooring and satellite observations suggest that the Xisha Islands
remotely generate the NLIWs on the northern continental shelf south of
Hainan Island; moreover, more than one source exists in the Xisha
Islands. Based on the realistic topography, stratification and tidal
forcing, two-dimensional numerical simulations using the MITgcm reveal
that the NLIWs observed on the continental shelf can be generated from
different sills in Xisha Islands through the internal tidal beam or
mixed tidal lee wave regime. Furthermore, the internal tide energy flux
estimation suggests that the locally generated internal tides emanating
from the continental shelf break play an essential role in the
baroclinic energy field of the deep sea while their influence on the
baroclinic energy field of the mid-continental shelf can be almost
negligible.%
\end{abstract}%



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