Abstract
Rainstorms rapidly change flow and water constituents in rivers. These
alterations can be assessed during storms through transport and fate of
total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) and the
river’s inherent water chemistry. Evidence of the storm events effect is
presented in this study by analyzing datasets derived from experiments
and modeling. Experimental datasets were retrieved from the Kanawha
River, West Virginia by means of water samples and two water quality
monitoring stations (Q1 and Q2). Water samples facilitated water
chemistry analysis whereas the two stations, separated by 23.5 km along
the river, hourly measured temperature, turbidity, NO3 ,
Cl and pH during a winter period. In addition, modeling was used to
define the water type and dominant geochemical processes using the Piper
and Gibbs diagrams, respectively. Also, TSS and TDS were estimated to
explain the effects of storms along the river. Results showed that water
type was mainly calcium-chloride, whereas the dominant geochemical
process was rock weathering. Within these water chemistry conditions,
storm events were assessed finding that a hysteresis index (HI) near to
zero favored a switch of the hysteretic loop direction when comparing
transient responses between Q1 and Q2 locations when observing three
anions (HCO3 , NO3 and Cl ).
Furthermore, only the HI of HCO3 had a relationship with
the antecedent precipitation index (API). These findings proved that
concurrent experimental and modelling information provide a broader
scope of a storm’s transient conditions along the river related with
temporal water chemistry variation.