Drought-induced vertical displacements and water loss in the Po river
basin (Northern Italy) from GNSS measurements
Abstract
We study vertical ground displacement time-series from GNSS stations in
the Po river basin to measure deformation signals associated with the
severe drought occurring since 2021 and estimate the spatial
distribution of water loss. The detection of vertical ground
displacement trend changes allows us to extract a spatially correlated
signal that follows the Po level trend changes and SPEI-12 drought
index. GNSS stations in the basin mostly underwent uplift, up to 7 mm,
since 2021, which corresponds to ~80 Gtons of water
loss. Compared to GLDAS and GRACE, the GNSS results show a similar
temporal evolution of water content, but a different spatial
distribution. Our study indicates that using dense GNSS networks is an
effective way to monitor long-term changes in water storage even in
small water basins and serve as a reliable indicator of drought
severity.