Collective wind farm operation based on a predictive model increases
utility-scale energy production
Abstract
Wind turbines located in wind farms are operated to maximize only their
own power production. Individual operation results in wake losses that
reduce farm energy. In this study, we operate a wind turbine array
collectively to maximize total array production through wake steering.
The selection of the farm control strategy relies on the optimization of
computationally efficient flow models. We develop a physics-based,
data-assisted flow control model to predict the optimal control
strategy. In contrast to previous studies, we first design and implement
a multi-month field experiment at a utility-scale wind farm to validate
the model over a range of control strategies, most of which are
suboptimal. The flow control model is able to predict the optimal yaw
misalignment angles for the array within +/-5 degrees for most wind
directions (11-32% power gains). Using the validated model, we design a
control protocol which increases the energy production of the farm in a
second multi-month experiment by 2.7% and 1.0%, for the wind
directions of interest and for wind speeds between 6 and 8 m/s and all
wind speeds, respectively. The developed and validated predictive model
can enable a wider adoption of collective wind farm operation.