Insights into the June 2020 Aniangzhai landslide in Danba County, China:
A remote sensing analysis using satellite radar and optical data and
corner reflectors
Abstract
On 17 June 2020, an ancient landslide was partially reactivated close to
the Aniangzhai village of Danba County in Sichuan Province of Southwest
China. It was initiated by the erosion of the slope toe from the
overflow of a dammed lake that was created due to heavy rainfall and the
resulting debris flows coming from Meilonggou Gully to the Xiaojinchuan
River. In this study, we report investigations on precursory and
post-failure slope stability analysis exploiting optical and radar
satellite remote sensing data. Using sub-pixel cross-correlation of
optical data from Planet and Sentinel-2, we first derive the direction
and magnitude of the main landslide failure. Advanced multi-temporal
InSAR (MT-InSAR) analysis using Sentinel-1 and TerraSAR-X SAR data are
then exploited to investigate the landslide kinematics before and after
the big failure. Moreover, we report our experience on using a newly
designed artificial corner reflector (CR), which is a half-round
dihedral corner reflector (hr-DCR), for monitoring slope inability in
this region using both ascending and descending SAR data. The CRs are
quite useful auxiliaries for InSAR analysis as they could be recognized
as stable targets during radar acquisitions, especially in the
vegetated, semi-vegetated, or agricultural areas, where the widespread
loss of coherence between consecutive image acquisitions could happen.
Using MT-InSAR analysis, we observe precursory deformation amounting to
approximately 50 mm/year in the year 2018-2020, reaching to a maximum of
270 mm/year for the post-failure period from Nov 2020 to June 2021.
Before the main landslide failure in June 2020, the average deformation
rate was approximately 14% higher in 2018-2020, dominated by
above-average precipitation in summer, in comparison to the rate in
2014-2017. Interestingly, MTI analysis also detects a clear signal for
the new instability and slow creep in the adjacent slope of the
Aniangzhai ancient landslide, previously unrecognised in landslide
inventory maps. Besides, the performance of newly designed DCRs is
qualified and quantified in the experiments based on intensity time
series (in dB), Signal-to-Cluster Ratio (SCR), and results from MTI time
series.