Multi-year isoscapes of lake water balances across a dynamic northern
freshwater delta
Abstract
Sustainable approaches are needed to track status and trends of lake
water balances in complex, remote freshwater landscapes. Here we use
water isotope composition measured at ~60 lakes and 9
river sites three times during the 2015-2019 ice-free seasons at the
internationally recognized Peace-Athabasca Delta (Canada) to
characterize temporal and spatial patterns in lake water balances and
influential hydrological processes. Calculation of evaporation-to-inflow
ratios using a coupled-isotope tracer approach, employment of
generalized additive models and geospatial ‘isoscapes’ identified areas
vulnerable to mid-summer evaporative lake-level drawdown and areas more
resilient due to replenishment by river floodwaters during spring
ice-jams and the open-water season. The former largely defines the
northern, relic Peace sector whereas the latter typifies the more active
floodplain environment of the southern Athabasca sector. Ability to
capture the marked temporal and spatial heterogeneity in lake water
balances serves as a foundation for ongoing isotope-based hydrological
monitoring.