Novel EMIC Wave Propagation Pathway Through Buchsbaum Resonance and
Inter-Hemispheric Wave Interference: Swarm Observations and Modelling
Abstract
In-situ conjugate electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves observed by
the Swarm mission in both hemispheres are presented. A complex and
unusual pattern of Alfvénic EMIC wave energy is observed, with a
mid-latitude peak close to the source at L=3.3, as well as a secondary
lower L-peak. A wave propagation model reveals that the secondary peak
at L=1.7 may be explained by wave power being redirected equatorward due
to the Buchsbaum resonance, crossing and interfering with the same EMIC
wave power propagating equatorwards from the opposite hemisphere. This
interference creates a coherent equatorial driver for a low-L field line
resonance at the secondary peak, and which is associated with strong
shear-to-fast mode coupling in the ionosphere. This behavior complicates
the interpretation of low-Earth orbit EMIC data for applications
assessing radiation belt loss. Combined LEO observations and modelling
enable these novel and localized magnetosphere-ionosphere EMIC wave
propagation pathways to be identified.