Abstract
Segregation of liquid metal from solid silicate is a necessary pathway
for core formation in a large rocky planetary body during the planet
growth. The mechanism and extent of such process have an important
effect on the geophysical and geochemical properties of the planetary
body. Percolative flow of core forming melts through a silicate mantle
has been ruled out as a possible mechanism of core formation by
hydrostatic annealing experiments at pressures less than 50 GPa.
However, an evolving mantle is not static, but continually deforming.
Here, using element migration in the melts as an effective indicator for
melt connectivity, we conclusively demonstrated that iron alloy melts
could form an interconnected network in a solid bridgmanite matrix under
deformation, even at a small total strain of ~0.1.
Depending on the grain size of bridgmanite, percolation as a core
formation mechanism could leave mantle disequilibrium/equilibrium with
the core. The result showed that ~0.4 vol.% liquid
metal was trapped in the silicate mantle and the stranded metal alloy
could explain the highly siderophile elements (HSE) chondritic abundance
in the Earth’s mantle without late veneer. Plain Language Summary We use
element migration as an indicator of melt interconnection to demonstrate
that core-forming melt can form an interconnected network in a
bridgmanite matrix under deformation. The fast segregation velocity of
melts in silicate makes the stress-induced percolation a feasible core
formation mechanism. The melts left in the mantle after draining could
explain the highly siderophile elements abundance in the Earth mantle.