A method for applying lateral surface eddy diffusion in ocean models
with a general vertical coordinate
Abstract
The mixing of tracers by mesoscale eddies, parameterized in many ocean
general circulation models (OGCMs) as a diffusive process, contributes
significantly to the distribution of tracers in the ocean. In the ocean
interior, such processes occur mostly along the direction parallel to
the local neutral density surface. However, near boundaries, small-scale
turbulence breaks this constraint and the mesoscale transport occurs
mostly along a plane parallel to the boundary (i.e., laterally near the
surface of the ocean). Although this process is easily represented in
OGCMs with geopotential vertical coordinates, the representation is more
challenging in OGCMs that use a general vertical coordinate, where
surfaces can be tilted with respect to the horizontal. We propose a
method for representing the diffusive lateral mesoscale fluxes within
the surface boundary layer of general vertical coordinate OGCMs. The
method relies on regridding/remapping techniques to represent tracers in
a geopotential grid. Lateral fluxes are calculated in this grid and then
remapped back to the native grid, where fluxes are applied. The
algorithm is implemented in an ocean model and tested in idealized and
realistic settings. Lateral diffusion reduces the vertical
stratification of the upper ocean, which results in an overall deepening
of the surface boundary layer depth. Although the impact on certain
global metrics is not significant, enabling lateral diffusion leads to a
small but meaningful reduction in the near-surface global bias of
potential temperature and salinity.