Ocean Sciences Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked
(ICON) Science
Abstract
This article is composed of three independent commentaries of how
Integrated, Coordinated, Open, and Networked (ICON), as well as
Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR; under the
umbrella of I from ICON), principles are currently embedded in ocean
sciences, and what are the opportunities and challenges by adopting
them. Each commentary focuses on a different perspective as follows: (i)
field sampling and experimentation to remote-sensing and autonomous
observations (Section 1); (ii) global collaboration, technology transfer
and application, reproducibility, and data sharing and infrastructure
(Section 2); (iii) increasing diversity and broadening participation in
ocean sciences (Section 3). Overall, there is a consensus that ocean
sciences is well-advanced in adopting many of the ICON-FAIR principles
regarding (i) and (ii), although there are still plenty of opportunities
to develop further by, for instance, making broader use of
data-of-opportunity and citizen science, improving efforts towards
standardized data organization and avoiding data fragmentation, and
increasing training activities to implement good practices. On the other
hand, fostering diversity and broadening participation in ocean sciences
is still in its infancy. Actions are needed to overcome
under-representation of women and other marginalized groups, create
opportunities for early-career scientists, and build bridges to support
scientists from low-income countries. We recognize that adopting
ICON-FAIR principles come with high costs and efforts, but it has strong
potential to develop ocean sciences in many aspects.