Validation of SAGE III/ISS solar water vapor data with correlative
satellite and balloon-borne measurements
Abstract
Since June 2017, the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III
instrument on the International Space Station (SAGE III/ISS) has been
providing vertical profiles of upper tropospheric to stratospheric water
vapor (WV) retrieved from solar occultation transmission measurements.
The goal of this paper is to evaluate the publicly released SAGE III/ISS
beta version 5.1 WV retrieval through intercomparison with independent
satellite- and balloon-based measurements, and to present
recommendations for SAGE III/ISS data quality screening criteria.
Overall, we find that SAGE III/ISS provides high quality water vapor
measurements. Low quality profiles are predominately due to retrieval
instabilities in the upper stratosphere that cause step-like changes in
the profile, and aerosol/cloud-related interferences (below
~20 km). Above 35 km, the retrieved uncertainty and
noise in the data rapidly grow with increasing altitude due to
relatively low extinction signal from water vapor. Below the tropopause,
retrieved uncertainty increases with decreasing altitude due to enhanced
molecular scattering and aerosol extinction. After screening low-quality
data using the procedures described herein, SAGE III/ISS WV is shown to
be in good agreement with independent satellite and balloon-based
measurements. From 20 – 40 km, SAGE III/ISS WV v5.1 data exhibit a bias
of 0.0 to -0.5 ppmv (~10 %) relative to the independent
data, depending on the instrument and altitude. Despite its status as a
beta version, the level of SAGE III/ISS WV agreement with independent
data is similar to previous SAGE instruments, and therefore the data are
suitable for scientific studies of stratospheric water vapor.