Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) is radio emission that originates in particle acceleration regions along magnetic field lines, coinciding with discrete auroral arcs. Found in both hemispheres, an increase in the amplitude of a particular AKR source denotes the strengthening of parallel electric fields in the auroral zone, while the emission frequency gives insight into source region morphology. AKR viewing geometry is complex due to the confinement of the source regions to nightside local times and the anisotropy of the beaming pattern, so observations are highly dependent on spacecraft viewing position. We present a novel, empirical technique that selects AKR emission from remote radio observations made with the spin-axis aligned antenna of the Wind/WAVES instrument, based on the rapidly varying amplitude of AKR across spacecraft spin timescales. This selection is applied to 30 days of data in 1999, during which the Cassini spacecraft flew close to Earth and recorded AKR for the majority of the period, while the Wind spacecraft completed close to two, precessing petal orbits. We examine the flux density and integrated power, which gives an occurrence distribution with spacecraft local time that is typical of AKR, with an increase in power of around $10^{3}$ Wsr$^{-1}$ between dayside and nightside observations. We also find a statistically significant ($p < 10^{-5}$), previously observed diurnal modulation of the AKR integrated power for the period, further verifying the empirical selection of AKR and showing the promise of its application to larger subsets of Wind/WAVES observations.

On October 28th 2021 the Sun released a large Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) in Earth’s direction. An X1.0 class solar flare and a rare ground level enhancement (GLE) were observed, along with bright solar radio bursts. Here we examine data from the near-Earth environment to investigate the terrestrial response to this solar event, as a typical example of Sun-Earth interactions. The CME arrival is tracked at $\sim$1 AU from Wind radio observations and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind dynamic pressure by \textit{in-situ} measurements of OMNI spacecraft. Geomagnetic activity is studied with indices including SYM-H while the auroral response is monitored by remote Wind radio measurements of Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) and SSUSI UV observations. We quantify the timeline for solar wind-magnetosphere coupling via exploration of the dayside reconnection rate and polar cap voltages and address the visibility of AKR sources for a dayside radio observatory.

We study 10 years (1995-2004 inclusive) of auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) radio emission data from the Wind spacecraft to examine the link between AKR and terrestrial substorms. We use substorm lists based on parameters including ground magnetometer signatures and geosynchronous particle injections as a basis for superposed epoch analyses of the AKR data. The results for each list show a similar, clear response of the AKR power around substorm onset. For nearly all event lists, the average response shows that the AKR power begins to increase around 20 minutes prior to expansion phase onset, as defined by the respective lists. The analysis of the spectral parameters of AKR bursts show that this increase in power is due to an extension of the source region to higher altitudes, which also precedes expansion phase onset by 20 minutes. Our observations show that the minimum frequency channel that observes AKR at this time, on average, is 60 kHz. AKR visibility is highly sensitive to observing spacecraft location, and the biggest radio response to substorm onset is seen in the 2100 - 0300 hr LT sector.

Quasi-Thermal Noise (QTN) spectroscopy is a reliable diagnostic routinely used for measuring electron density and temperature in space plasmas. The observed spectrum depends on both antenna geometry and plasma kinetic properties. Parker Solar Probe (PSP), launched in 2018, is equipped with an antenna system consisting of two linear dipoles with a significant gap between the antenna arms. Such a configuration, not utilized on previous missions, cannot be completely described by current models of the antenna response function. In this work, we calculate the current distribution and the corresponding response function for the PSP antenna geometry, and use these results to generate synthetic QTN spectra. Applying this model to the Encounter 7 observations from PSP provides accurate estimations of electron density and temperature, which are in very good agreement with particle analyzer measurements.