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Sunward Ion Flows in the Martian Magnetotail: Mars Express Observations
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  • Chi Zhang,
  • Yoshifumi Futaana,
  • Hans Nilsson,
  • Zhaojin Rong,
  • Moa Persson,
  • Lucy Klinger,
  • Xiao-Dong Wang,
  • Gabriella Stenberg Wieser,
  • Stas Barabash,
  • Chuanfei Dong,
  • Mats Holmström,
  • Yong Wei
Chi Zhang
Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Yoshifumi Futaana
Swedish Institute of Space Physics
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Hans Nilsson
Swedish Institute of Space Physics
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Zhaojin Rong
Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Moa Persson
IRAP, CNRS-UPS-CNES, Toulouse, France
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Lucy Klinger
Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University
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Xiao-Dong Wang
Swedish Institute of Space Physics
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Gabriella Stenberg Wieser
Swedish Institute of Space Physics
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Stas Barabash
Swedish Institute of Space Physics
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Chuanfei Dong
Princeton University
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Mats Holmström
Swedish Institute of Space Physics
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Yong Wei
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Abstract

We investigate sunward planetary ions in the Martian magnetotail that potentially reduce the amount of escaping ions. The global properties of sunward flows in the Martian magnetotail are characterized, based on over 13-years of ion data (May 2007–December 2020) collected by the ASPERA-3 instrument on Mars Express. We find that sunward flows mainly occur in the vicinity of the crustal fields, implying that crustal fields may play a key role in producing such flows. The occurrence rate and sunward flux are higher during solar maximum rather than solar minimum. However, we identify a relatively low occurrence rate of sunward flows and low sunward flux, suggesting that sunward flows have negligible influence on total ion escape at Mars. This is different from those at Venus, where sunward flows can significantly decrease the total escape rates of ions.