Impacts of the 2014-2015 warm-water anomalies on nutrients,
chlorophyll-a and hydrographic conditions in the coastal zone of
northern Baja California
Abstract
We report the seasonal variability of temperature, nutrients, and total
and size fractionated chlorophyll- in nearshore waters off northern Baja
California (nBC), under conditions of the marine heatwave and El Niño
that occurred in the northeastern Pacific during 2014‑2015. Compared
with 2008‑2012, our study period was characterized by warmer waters,
nitrate-impoverished and with very low chlorophyll- concentration, which
was closely associated with strong stratification and reduced upwelling
conditions off nBC. Temperature anomalies were >3.0°C by
the end of 2014 when the marine heatwave prevailed, decreased during the
spring-early summer upwelling season of 2015, and returned to
>3.5°C by the end of 2015 when El Niño appeared along the
coast of nBC. As in 2008‑2012 and closely coupled with upwelling, a
clear seasonal cycle of total chlorophyll- was recorded under these
abnormally warm conditions. However, total chlorophyll- and nitrate
concentrations were significantly reduced (25-68% and 33-90%,
respectively), with negative anomalies throughout the study period.
Moreover, the seasonal evolution of the size-fractionated chlorophyll-
concentration showed that smaller cells (<5 mm) systematically
contributed with the largest fraction (>60%) of the total
chlorophyll-. Our findings indicate that the sequential occurrence of
the marine heatwave in 2014 and El Niño in 2015, had a significant and
sustained impact limiting the nitrate supply and reducing the total
chlorophyll- in nearshore waters off nBC. In conclusion, our data reveal
that a shift towards an oligotrophic state occurred in nearshore surface
waters off northern Baja California during the warm period of 2014-2015.