Abstract
Electrical and electromagnetic (EM) techniques are used to map the
electrical resistivity of the subsurface. The injection of carbon
dioxide (CO2) is likely to form a lenticular, slab or wedge-like bodies
of increased resistivity, and therefore resistive thin-layer and sphere
models are used for detectability analyses. Thin resistive layer models
are used to determine the maximum depth at which resistive layer be
detected, and the maximum depth at which time changes in the layer could
be monitored. Sphere models are used for quantitatively studying the
basic properties of the secondary fields produced on the surface by a
finite body at variable depth and in a variety of source fields, and for
order-of magnitude rules for depth and size determination of a confined
volume filled with CO2. Both surface based EM and DC resistivity methods
have limitations for detecting and delineating flat lying resistive
features. Configurations with EM sources at depth, which induce vertical
currents that are sensitive to the transverse (vertical) resistivity
show great promise for detecting and monitoring the emplacement of
tabular zones or bodies of resistive CO2.