The study region is located in the central part of the North China craton (NCC). We use one-year continuous waveforms of the vertical component from 112 broadband seismic stations and obtain the group velocity dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves for different periods through single station data preprocessing, cross-correlation calculation, stacking, group velocity dispersion measurement and quality evaluation. We then use the surface wave tomography method to obtain the Rayleigh wave group velocity distributions at 9-40 s in this area. Finally, the S-wave velocity structures at depths of 0-60 km are determined by pure path dispersion inversion. The results show that the crustal structure of the Eastern Block is different from those of the Western Block and the Trans-North China orogen. The lower crust of the Eastern Block shows a high-velocity S-wave anomaly, which may be related to magma underplating in the lower crust induced by an upwelling mantle plume. From the surface to the top of the mantle, the S-wave velocity of the Western Block decreases gradually, and the crust of the Trans-North China orogen shows a relatively high S-wave velocity. The results characterize the S-wave velocity structures of the different geological units and have important scientific significance for understanding the destruction of the NCC.