Large ensemble simulation for investigating predictability of precursor
vortices of Typhoon Faxai in 2019 with a 14-km mesh global
nonhydrostatic atmospheric model
Abstract
Typhoon Faxai hit Japan in 2019 and severely damaged the Tokyo
metropolitan area. To mitigate such damages, a good track forecast is
necessary even before the typhoon formation. To investigate the
predictability of the genesis and movement of a precursor vortex and its
relationship with the synoptic-scale flow, 1600-member ensemble
simulations of Typhoon Faxai were performed using a 14-km mesh global
nonhydrostatic atmospheric model, which started from 16 different
initial days (i.e., 1600 members in total). The results show that the
model could predict an enhanced risk of a Faxai-like vortex heading
toward Japan two weeks before landfall, which was up to 70%. The reason
for the enhancement was a rapid increase in the members reproducing a
precursor vortex from 15 to 12 days before landfall in Japan. In
addition, the upper-tropospheric trough played an essential role in the
track simulation of Faxai.