3.1 New and literature data from the Southern, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
We present a compilation of new and literature [Cr] data in Southern-sourced intermediate and deep waters across the Southern, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans (Figure 1). Literature [Cr] data were not included if: (1) hydrographical data (temperature, salinity) are missing, (2) the data have not been peer-reviewed, or (3) later publications identified them as suspect or incorrect.
We add 12 samples from the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean (ACE Leg 1) and one sample from the Drake Passage (ACE Leg 2) to [Cr] and δ53Cr available from the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean (Rickli et al., 2019) to further constrain the composition of southern-sourced end-members. The Drake Passage sample constrains the characteristics of intermediate waters entering the Atlantic Ocean.
We present data from five stations in the subantarctic Southern Ocean and the Tasman Sea (IN2018V_02 and IN2018V_04, 26 samples) and four stations in the Tasman Sea and subtropical South Pacific (GEOTRACES section GP13, 12 samples) in order to characterize waters advecting northward into the Pacific Ocean.
Four new samples from one of the most intense OMZs in the global ocean (ETSP near Peru; M77/4) are added to existing ETSP (Nasemann et al., 2020), ETNP OMZ (Murray et al., 1983; Rue et al., 1997), and subtropical North Pacific (Moos & Boyle, 2019) data. Additionally, we present four new samples from a profile in the subarctic North Pacific (Line P 2012-13) to characterize the northern extent of deep water in the Pacific Ocean. Previous subarctic North Pacific literature data for [Cr] in PDW and LCDW (Cranston, 1983; Mugo & Orians, 1993) show a clear offset from recent high-precision data and are not used (see Table S11).
To follow the northward advection of AAIW into the equatorial Atlantic, we present seven samples from five stations along a meridional transect (DY110). Additional literature data from the Atlantic are limited, with only one sample within AAIW (station 11.5, Goring-Harford et al., 2018) and no available CDW data.