References
Abbott, A.N., Haley, B.A., McManus, J., Reimers, C.E. (2015). The
sedimentary flux of dissolved rare earth elements to the ocean.Geochim. Cosmochim. Act . 154 , 186-200. doi:
10.1016/j.gca.2015.01.010.
Achterberg, E.P. & van den Berg, C.M.G. (1997). Chemical speciation of
chromium and nickel in the western Mediterranean. Deep-Sea Res.
II . 44 , 693–720. doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(96)00086-0.
Bauer, K., Cole, D.B., Asael, D., Francois, R., Calvert, S.E., Poulton,
S.W., Planavsky, N.J., Crowe, S.A. (2019). Chromium isotopes in marine
hydrothermal sediments. Chem Geol . 529 , 119286. doi:
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119286.
Berger, C.J.M., Lippiatt, S.M., Lawrence, M.G., Bruland, K.W. (2008).
Application of a chemical leach technique for estimating labile
particulate aluminum, iron, and manganese in the Columbia River plume
and coastal waters off Oregon and Washington, J. Geophys. Res.
Oc . 113 , C00B01. doi: 10.1029/2007JC004703.
Bonnand P., James R.H., Parkinson I.J., Connelly D.P., Fairchild I.J.
(2013). The chromium isotopic composition of seawater and marine
sediments. Earth Planet. Sci. Let . 382 , 10-20. doi:
10.1016/j.epsl.2013.09.001.
Bostock, H.C., Sutton, P.J., Williams, M.J.M., Opdyke, B.N. (2013).
Reviewing the circulation and mixing of Antarctic Intermediate Water in
the South Pacific using evidence from geochemical tracers and Argo float
trajectories. Deep Sea Res. I . 73 , 84-98. doi:
10.1016/j.dsr.2012.11.007.
Campbell, J.A. & Yeats, P.A. (1981). Dissolved chromium in the
northwest Atlantic Ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett . 53 ,
427–433. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(81)90047-9.
Cochran, J.K. & Osmond, J.K. (1976). Sedimentation patterns and
accumulation rates in the Tasman Basin. Deep Sea Res .23 (3), 193-210. doi: 10.1016/0011-7471(76)91324-3.
Connelly, D.P., Statham, P.J., Knap, A.H. (2006) Seasonal changes in
speciation of dissolved chromium in the surface Sargasso Sea. Deep
Sea Res. Part I . 53 , 1975–1988. doi:
10.1016/j.dsr.2006.09.005.
Cranston, R.E. (1983) Chromium in Cascadia Basin, northeast Pacific
Ocean. Mar. Chem . 13 , 109–125. doi:
10.1016/0304-4203(83)90020-8.
Cranston, R.E. & Murray, J.W. (1978) Determination of chromium species
in natural waters. Anal. Chim. Act . 99 , 275–282. doi:
10.1016/S0003-2670(01)83568-6.
Elderfield, H. (1970) Chromium speciation in sea water. Earth
Planet. Sci. Lett . 9 , 10–16. doi:
10.1016/0012-821X(70)90017-8.
Frei R., Gaucher, C., Poulton, S.W., Canfield D.E. (2009) Fluctuations
in Precambrian atmospheric oxygenation recorded by chromium isotopes.Nature . 461 , 250–254. doi: 10.1038/nature08266.
Goring-Harford, H.J., Klar, J.K., Pearce, C.R., Connelly, D.P.,
Achterberg, E.P., James, R.H. (2018). Behaviour of chromium isotopes in
the eastern sub-tropical Atlantic Oxygen Minimum Zone. Geochim.
Cosmochim. Act . 236 , 41-59. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2018.03.004.
Holmden, C., Jacobson, A.D., Sageman, B.B., Hurtgen, M.T. (2016).
Response of the Cr isotope proxy to Cretaceous Ocean Anoxic Event 2 in a
pelagic carbonate succession from the Western Interior Seaway.Geochim. Cosmochim. Act . 186 , 277-295. doi:
10.1016/j.gca.2016.04.039.
Jeandel, C. & Minster, J.F. (1987) Chromium behavior in the ocean:
global versus regional processes. Global Biogeochem. Cy .1 , 131–154. doi: 10.1029/GB001i002p0013.
Janssen, D.J., Cullen, J.T. (2015). Decoupling of zinc and silicic acid
in the subarctic northeast Pacific interior. Mar. Chem .177 , 124-133. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.03.014.
Janssen, D.J., Rickli J., Quay P.D., White A.E., Nasemann P. and Jaccard
S.L. (2020). Biological control of chromium redox and stable isotope
composition in the surface ocean. Glob. Biogeochem. Cy .34 . doi: 10.1029/2019GB006397.
Kawabe, M. & Fujio, S. (2010). Pacific ocean circulation based on
observation. J. Oceanogr . 66 , 389-403. doi:
10.1007/s10872-010-0034-8.
Larqué, L., Maamaatuaiahutapu, K., Garçon, V. (1997). On the
intermediate and deep water flows in the South Atlantic Ocean. J.
Geophys. Res. Oc . 106 (C6), 12425-12440. doi:
10.1029/97JC00629.
Mahowald, N.M., Baker, A.R. Bergametti, G., Brooks, N., Duce, R.A.,
Jickells, T.D., Kubilay, N., Prospero, J.M., Tegen, I. (2005).
Atmospheric global dust cycle and iron inputs to the ocean. Glob.
Biogeochem. Cy . 19 (4), GB4025. doi: 10.1029/2004GB002402.
Mayer, L.M., Schick, L.L., Chang, C.A. (1984). Incorporation of
trivalent chromium into riverine and estuarine colloidal material.Geochim. Cosmochim. Act . 48 (9), 1717-1722. doi:
10.1016/0016-7037(84)90027-9.
Milletto, M., Wang, X., Planavsky, N.J., Luther, G.W., Lyons, T.W.,
Tebo, B.M. (2021). Marine microbial Mn(II) oxidation mediates Cr(III)
oxidation and isotope fractionation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Act .297 , 101-119. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2021.01.008.
Moos, S.B. & Boyle, E.A. (2019). Determination of accurate and precise
chromium isotope ratios in seawater samples by MC-ICP-MS illustrated by
analysis of SAFe Station in the North Pacific Ocean. Chem. Geol .511 , 481-493. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.07.027.
Moos, S.B., Boyle, E.A., Altabet, M.A., Bourbonnais, A. (2020).
Investigating the cycling of chromium in the oxygen deficient waters of
the Eastern Tropical North Pacific Ocean and the Santa Barbara Basin
using stable isotopes. Mar. Chem . 221 , 103756. doi:
10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103756.
Mugo R.K. & Orians K.J. (1993). Seagoing method for the determination
of chromium(III) and total chromium in sea water by electron-capture
detection gas chromatography. Anal. Chim. Act . 271 (1),
1-9. doi: 10.1016/0003-2670(93)80545-V.
Murray, J.W., Spell, B., Paul, B. (1983). The contrasting geochemistry
of manganese and chromium in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. In:
Wong C.S., Boyle E., Bruland K.W., Burton J.D., Goldberg E.D. (eds)Trace Metals in Sea Water . NATO Conference Series (IV
Marine Sciences) , 9 . Springer, Boston, MA, p. 643-669. doi:
10.1007/978-1-4757-6864-0_37.
Nasemann, P., Janssen, D.J., Rickli, J., Grasse, P., Franck, M.,
Jaccard, S.L. (2020). Chromium reduction and associated stable isotope
fractionation restricted to anoxic shelf waters in the Peruvian Oxygen
Minimum Zone. Geochim. Cosmochim. Act . 285 , 207-224.
doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2020.06.027.
Ohnemus, D.C., Torrie, R., Twining, B.S. (2019). Exposing the
Distributions and Elemental Associations of Scavenged Particulate Phases
in the Ocean Using Basin‐Scale Multi‐Element Data Sets. Glob.
Biogeochem. Cy . 33 (6), 725-748. doi: 10.1029/2018GB006145.
Orsi, A.H., Whitworth III, T., Nowlin Jr, W.D. (1995). On the meridional
extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep Sea
Res I . 42 , 641-673. doi: 10.1016/0967-0637(95)00021-W.
Oze, C., Bird, D.K., Fendorf, S. (2007). Genesis of hexavalent chromium
from natural sources in soil and groundwater. Proc. Nat. Acad.
Sci. USA . 104 (16), 6544-6549. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0701085104.
Pettine, M., D’Ottone, L., Campanella, L., Millero, F.J., Passino, R.
(1998). The reduction of chromium (VI) by iron (II) in aqueous
solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Act . 62 (9), 1509-1519.
doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00086-6.
Quay, P., Cullen, J., Landing, W., Morton, P. (2015). Processes
controlling the distributions of Cd and PO4 in the
ocean. Glob. Biogeochem. Cy . 29 (6), 830-841. doi:
10.1002/2014GB004998.
Rauschenberg, S. & Twining, B.S. (2015). Evaluation of approaches to
estimate biogenic particulate trace metals in the ocean. Mar.
Chem . 171 , 67-77. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.01.004.
Remmelzwaal, S.R.C., Sadekov, A.Y., Parkinson, I.J., Schmidt, D.N.,
Titelboim, D., Abramovich, S., Roepert, A., Kienhuis, M., Polerecky, L.,
Goring-HArford, H., et al. (2019). Post-depositional overprinting of
chromium in foraminifera. Earth Planet Sci Let . 515 ,
100-111. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.03.001.
Rickli, J., Janssen, D.J., Hassler, C., Ellwood, M.J., Jaccard, S.L.
(2019). Chromium biogeochemistry and stable isotope distribution in the
Southern Ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Act . 262 , 188-206.
doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2019.07.033.
Rudnick, R.L. & Gao, S. (2003). 3.01 - Composition of the Continental
Crust. Editor(s): H.D. Holland, K.K. Turekian, In Treatise on
Geochemistry , Pergamon, Oxford, p. 1-64. doi:
10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4.
Rue, E.L., Smith, G.J., Cutter, G.A., Bruland, K.W. (1997). The response
of trace element redox couples to suboxic conditions in the water
column. Deep Sea Res. I . 44 (1), 113-134. doi:
10.1016/S0967-0637(96)00088-X.
Scheiderich, K., Amini, M., Holmden, C., Francois R. (2015) Global
variability of chromium isotopes in seawater demonstrated by Pacific,
Atlantic, and Arctic Ocean samples. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett .423 , 87–97. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.04.030.
Schlitzer, R., Anderson, R.F., Dodas, E.M., Lohan, M., Geibert, W.,
Tagliabue, A., Bowie, A., Jeandel, C., Maldonado, M., et al. (2018). The
GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017. Chem. Geol .493 , 210-233. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.05.040.
Schoenberg, R., Zink, S., Staubwasser, M., von Blanckenburg, F. (2008).
The stable Cr isotope inventory of solid Earth reservoirs determined by
double spike MC-ICP-MS. Chem Geol . 249 , 294-306. doi:
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.01.009.
Semeniuk, D.M., Maldonado, M.T., Jaccard, S.L. (2016) Chromium uptake
and adsorption in marine phytoplankton - Implications for the marine
chromium cycle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta . 184 , 41-54.
doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2016.04.021.
Shaw, T.J., Gieskes, J.M., Jahnke, R.A. (1990). Early diagenesis in
differing depositional environments: The response of transition metals
in pore water. Geochim. Cosmochim. Act . 54 (5),
1233-1246. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90149-F.
Sloyan, B.M. & Rintoul, S.R. (2001). The Southern Ocean Limb of the
Global Deep Overturning Circulation. J Phys. Oc . 31 (1),
143-173. doi:
10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<0143:TSOLOT>2.0.CO;2.
Suga, T. & Taley, L.D. (1995). Antarctic Intermediate Water circulation
in the tropical and subtropical South Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res.
Oc . 100 (C7), 13441-13453. doi: 10.1029/95JC00858.
Talley, L.D., Pickard, G.L., Emery, W.J., Swift, J.H. (2011). Chapter 13
- Southern Ocean. In Descriptive Physical Oceanography (Sixth
Edition). Editor(s): L.D. Talley, G.L. Pickard, W.J. Emery, J.H. Swift,
Academic Press, London, p. 437-471. doi:
10.1016/B978-0-7506-4552-2.10013-7.
Tréguer, P.J. & de la Rocha, C.L. (2013). The World Ocean Silica Cycle.An. Rev. Mar. Sci . 5 , 477-501. doi:
10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172346.
Twining, B.S. & Baines, S.B. (2013). The trace metal composition of
marine phytoplankton. An. Rev. Mar. Sci . 5 , 191-215.
doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172322.
van der Weijden, C.H. & Reith, M. (1982). Chromium(III) —
chromium(VI) interconversions in seawater. Mar. Chem .11 (6), 565-572. doi: 10.1016/0304-4203(82)90003-2.
Vance, D., Little, S.H., de Souza, G.F., Khatiwala, S., Lohan, M.C.,
Middag, R. (2017). Silicon and zinc biogeochemical cycles coupled
through the Southern Ocean. Nat. Geosci . 10 , 202-206.
doi: 10.1038/ngeo2890.
Wanner, C., & Sonnenthal, E.L. (2013). Assessing the control on the
effective kinetic Cr isotope fractionation factor: A reactive transport
modeling approach. Chem. Geol . 337‐338 , 88–98. doi:
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.11.008.
Zink, S., Schoenberg, R., Staubwasser, M. (2010). Isotopic fractionation
and reaction kinetics between Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in aqueous media.Geochim. Cosmochim. Act . 74 (20). doi:
10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.015.