EmergeNet: A Deep Neural network for Germination timing detection based
on image sequence analysis
Abstract
Emergence timing of a plant, i.e., the time at which the plant is first
visible from the surface of the soil, is an important phenotypic event
as an indicator of seed quality and plant growth. Uneven emergence
timing is associated with lower yield and poor farmer acceptance. The
research introduces a novel deep learning based method called EmergeNet
with a custom-designed loss function for coleoptile emergence timing
detection and tracking its growth from a time-lapse video sequence in
presence of cluttered background and extreme variations in illumination.
EmergeNet uses a novel ensemble technique that integrates SEResNet,
InceptionV3 and VGG19 to detect the coleoptile at its first tiny
appearance on the soil surface. Emergence is an important phenotype
which not only helps determine the dormancy of seeds for different
genotypes in different conditions but also helps determine various
aspects of the plant growth at an early stage. To develop and evaluate
the algorithm, a benchmark dataset is indispensable. Thus, we introduce
and publicly release a benchmark dataset called University of
Nebraska-Lincoln Maize Emergence Dataset (UNL-MED). A visible light
camera was fitted to capture the top view time-lapse images to form
UNL-MED, where imaging started before the emergence and continued until
maize seedlings are about 1 inch tall. Experimental evaluation on
UNL-MED demonstrates the efficacy of the EmergeNet to detect the
emergence timing with 100% accuracy when compared with human perceived
groundtruth.