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\begin{document}

\title{Alkalinity production coupled to pyrite formation represents an
unaccounted blue carbon sink}



\author[1]{Gloria Maria Susanne Reithmaier}%
\author[1]{Scott Gregory Johnston}%
\author[2]{Tobias Junginger}%
\author[3]{Madeline M Goddard}%
\author[1]{Christian J. Sanders}%
\author[3]{Lindsay B. Hutley}%
\author[4]{David T. Ho}%
\author[1]{Damien Troy Maher}%
\affil[1]{Southern Cross University}%
\affil[2]{University of Strasbourg}%
\affil[3]{Charles Darwin University}%
\affil[4]{University of Hawaii at Manoa}%


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  \date{May 24, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Coastal vegetated habitats, including mangroves, saltmarshes and
seagrasses, mitigate climate change by storing atmospheric carbon.
Previous blue carbon research has mainly focused on organic carbon
stocks. However, recent studies suggest that lateral inorganic carbon
export might be equally important. Lateral export is a long-term carbon
sink if carbon is exported as alkalinity (TAlk) produced via sulfate
reduction coupled to pyrite formation. This study evaluates drivers of
pyrite formation in coastal vegetated habitats, compares pyrite
production to TAlk outwelling rates, and estimates global pyrite stocks
in mangroves. We quantified pyrite stocks in mangroves, saltmarshes and
seagrasses along a latitudinal gradient on the Australian East Coast,
including a mangrove dieback area, and in the Everglades (Florida, USA).
Our results indicate that pyrite stocks were driven by a combination of
biomass, tidal amplitude, sediment organic carbon, sedimentation rates,
rainfall latitude, temperature, and iron availability. Pyrite stocks
were three-times higher in mangroves (103 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 61 Mg/ha) than in
saltmarshes (30 ± 30 Mg/ha) and seagrasses (32 ± 1 Mg/ha). Mangrove
pyrite stocks were linearly correlated to TAlk export at sites where
sulfate reduction was the dominant TAlk producing process, however
pyrite generation could not explain all TAlk production. We present the
first global model predicting pyrite stocks in mangroves, which average
155 (range 128 -- 182) Mg/ha. In mangroves, estimated global TAlk
production coupled to pyrite formation (\textasciitilde{}3
mol/m\textsuperscript{2}/y) is equal to \textasciitilde{}24\% of their
global organic carbon burial rate, thus highlighting the importance of
including TAlk export in future blue carbon budgets.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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