Silicon isotopes in an EMIC’s ocean: sensitivity to runoff, iron supply
and climate
Abstract
The isotopic composition of Si in biogenic silica (BSi), such as opal
buried in the oceans’ sediments, has changed over time. Paleo records
suggest that the isotopic composition, described in terms of
$\delta^{30}$Si, was generally much lower during
glacial times than today. There is consensus that this variability is
attributable to differing environmental conditions at the respective
time of BSi production and sedimentation. The detailed links between
environmental conditions and the isotopic composition of BSi in the
sediments are, however, controversially discussed in the literature. In
this study, we explore the effects of a suite of offset boundary
conditions during the LGM on the isotopic composition of BSi archived in
sediments in an Earth System Model of intermediate complexity. Our model
results suggest that a change in the isotopic composition of Si supply
to the glacial ocean is sufficient to explain the observed overall
low(er) glacial $\delta^{30}$Si in BSi. All other
processes explored triggered model responses of either wrong sign or
magnitude, or are inconsistent with a recent estimate of bottom water
oxygenation in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. Caveats,
mainly associated with generic uncertainties in today’s pelagic
biogeochemical modules, remain.