SAR observation of internal waves generated by sub-mesoscale eddies in
the Strait of Sicily
Abstract
It is well known that oceanic internal waves (IWs) can be generated by
several mechanisms, among which is tidal flow over shallow bathymetry
and atmospheric forcing. In recent years, theoreticians have
hypothesized that IWS generation can take place also without external
forcing involved. This requires unbalanced flow as encountered in the
sub-mesoscale regime of the ocean. Thus, sub-mesoscale eddies (SMEs)
came into the focus of theoreticians as a source of IWs, but no
observational evidence has been presented until now. In this paper, we
present, for the first time, observational data that show that ISWs can
be generated by SMEs. To this end, we have analyzed 5 high-resolution
synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the Sentinel-1
satellite in the Adventure Bank area of the Strait of Sicily in the
Mediterranean Sea, which show sea surface signatures of ISWs surrounding
SMEs. To support our interpretation of the SAR images, we have used as
ancillary data high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) and
chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data from the SLSTR and the OLCI sensors onboard
the Sentinel-3 satellites, as well as model hydrology and currents. The
ISWs radiate from SMEs formed during the decaying stage of cold
filaments, which have their origin in upwelling events along the
southern coast of Sicily.