Magma chamber formation by dike accretion and crustal melting: 2D
thermo-compositional model with emphasis on eruptions and implication
for zircon records
Abstract
We present a 2D model of magma body formation in granitic crust by
injection of rhyolitic or basaltic dikes and sills. An elastic
analytical solution enables computation of rock displacement in response
to magma intrusion. Phase diagrams for magma and host rocks predict
melting/crystallization. We combine this model with our zircon
crystallization/dissolution software and compute zircon survival
histories within individual batches of magma and country rocks.
Incremental accumulation of intruded magma generates interconnected
magma batches of eruptible melt with melt fractions >50
vol% that form in clusters. The rate of melt production is highly
variable in space and time. The volume of eruptible melt strongly
depends on the input rates of magma Q and the width W of
the injection region of dikes and on eruptions. For example, dikes
injection with Q=0.125 m3/s with W=5 km
during 100 ka generates ~50 km3 of
eruptible melt while no significant melt forms if W=10 km.
Injection of basaltic dikes produces more melt for the same flux rate.
Frequent and small eruptions led to smaller magma bodies that are
located deeper in the system, while systems with rare but voluminous
eruption forms large melt.
Due to partial melting, most host rock zircons loose significant portion
of their old cores and, thus, their average age is reduced. Magmatic
zircons in the periphery of the intrusion form very quickly due to rapid
dikes cooling while in its central part crystals contain old cores and
young rims and can grow during several hundreds of ka.